initial commit

src/deck/card.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+use std::fmt;
+
+use crate::deck::{Suit, Rank};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Card {
+    pub suit: Suit,
+    pub rank: Rank,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Card {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{} {}", self.suit, self.rank)
+    }
+}

src/deck/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+mod rank;
+pub use rank::Rank;
+
+mod suit;
+pub use suit::Suit;
+
+mod card;
+pub use card::Card;
+
+use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
+
+use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
+use rand::rng;
+
+pub struct Deck {
+    cards: Vec<Card>,
+}
+
+impl Default for Deck {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deck {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let cards = Suit::iter()
+                            .flat_map(|suit| Rank::iter().map(move |rank| Card { suit, rank }))
+                            .collect();
+        Self { cards }
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw(&mut self) -> Option<Card> {
+        self.cards.pop()
+    }
+
+    pub fn shuffle(&mut self) {
+        self.cards.shuffle(&mut rng());
+    }
+
+    pub fn deal_4x8(&mut self) -> Option<[Vec<Card>; 4]> {
+        if self.cards.len() < 32 { return None; }
+        let mut hands = [Vec::with_capacity(8), Vec::with_capacity(8),
+                         Vec::with_capacity(8), Vec::with_capacity(8)];
+        for _ in 0..8 {
+            for h in 0..4 {
+                hands[h].push(self.draw()?);
+            }
+        }
+        Some(hands)
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item=&Card> {
+        self.cards.iter()
+    }
+}

src/deck/rank.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+use std::fmt;
+use strum_macros::EnumIter;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, EnumIter)]
+pub enum Rank {
+    Ass,
+    Zehn,
+    Koenig,
+    Ober,
+    Unter,
+    Neun,
+    Acht,
+    Sieben,
+}
+
+impl Rank {
+    pub fn points(&self) -> u8 {
+        match self {
+            Rank::Ass       => 11,
+            Rank::Zehn      => 10,
+            Rank::Koenig    =>  4,
+            Rank::Ober      =>  3,
+            Rank::Unter     =>  3,
+            _               =>  0
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Rank {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let name = match self {
+            Rank::Ass       => "Ass",
+            Rank::Zehn      => "Zehn",
+            Rank::Koenig    => "König",
+            Rank::Ober      => "Ober",
+            Rank::Unter     => "Unter",
+            Rank::Neun      => "Neun",
+            Rank::Acht      => "Acht",
+            Rank::Sieben    => "Sieben",
+        };
+        write!(f, "{}", name)
+    }
+}

src/deck/suit.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+use std::fmt;
+use strum_macros::EnumIter;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, EnumIter)]
+pub enum Suit {
+    Eichel,
+    Gras,
+    Herz,
+    Schell,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Suit {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let name = match self {
+            Suit::Eichel    => "Eichel",
+            Suit::Gras      => "Gras",
+            Suit::Herz      => "Herz",
+            Suit::Schell    => "Schell",
+        };
+        write!(f, "{}", name)
+    }
+}

src/gamemode/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+use crate::deck::{Card, Suit, Rank};
+
+pub enum Gamemode {
+    Sauspiel(Suit),
+    Solo(Suit),
+    Wenz(Option<Suit>),
+    Geier(Option<Suit>),
+    Bettel,
+    Ramsch
+}
+
+impl Gamemode {
+    pub fn winning_card<'a>(&self, cards: [&'a Card; 4]) -> &'a Card  {
+        match self {
+            Gamemode::Sauspiel(_) | Gamemode::Ramsch | Gamemode::Bettel =>
+                winner_for_trump(Suit::Herz, cards),
+            Gamemode::Solo(solo_suit) => winner_for_trump(*solo_suit, cards),
+            Gamemode::Wenz(wenz_suit) => winner_for_wenz(Rank::Unter, *wenz_suit, cards),
+            Gamemode::Geier(geier_suit) => winner_for_wenz(Rank::Ober, *geier_suit, cards),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn winner_for_wenz(rank: Rank, trump_suit: Option<Suit>, cards: [&Card; 4]) -> &Card  {
+    let ranks = [rank];
+    
+    if cards.iter().any(|&c| is_trump(c, &ranks, trump_suit)) {
+        let winner_idx = cards
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|&(_, &c)| is_trump(c, &ranks, trump_suit))
+            .max_by_key(|&(_, &c)| trump_strength_wenz(c, rank, trump_suit))
+            .map(|(i, _)| i)
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        cards[winner_idx]
+    } else {
+        let first_suit = cards[0].suit;
+        let winner_idx = cards
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|&(_, &c)| c.suit == first_suit)
+            .max_by_key(|&(_, &c)| non_trump_strength(c.rank))
+            .map(|(i, _)| i)
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        cards[winner_idx]
+    }
+}
+
+fn winner_for_trump(trump_suit: Suit, cards: [&Card; 4]) -> &Card {
+    let ranks = [Rank::Ober, Rank::Unter];
+    if cards.iter().any(|&c| is_trump(c, &ranks, Some(trump_suit))) {
+        // Highest trump wins
+        let winner_idx = cards
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|&(_, &c)| is_trump(c, &ranks, Some(trump_suit)))
+            .max_by_key(|&(_, &c)| trump_strength(c, trump_suit))
+            .map(|(i, _)| i)
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        cards[winner_idx]
+    } else {
+        // No trump: highest of the led suit wins
+        let first_suit = cards[0].suit;
+        let winner_idx = cards
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|&(_, &c)| c.suit == first_suit)
+            .max_by_key(|&(_, &c)| non_trump_strength(c.rank))
+            .map(|(i, _)| i)
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        cards[winner_idx]
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_trump(card: &Card, trump_ranks: &[Rank], trump_suit: Option<Suit>) -> bool {
+    trump_ranks.contains(&card.rank) || (trump_suit == Some(card.suit))
+}
+
+// Trump strength according to Schafkopf:
+// Obers: Eichel > Gras > Herz > Schell
+// Unters: Eichel > Gras > Herz > Schell
+// Then trump suit cards: A > 10 > K > 9 > 8 > 7
+fn trump_strength(card: &Card, trump_suit: Suit) -> u16 {
+    match card.rank {
+        Rank::Ober => 300 + ober_unter_suit_strength(card.suit),
+        Rank::Unter => 200 + ober_unter_suit_strength(card.suit),
+        _ if card.suit == trump_suit => 100 + non_trump_strength(card.rank) as u16,
+        _ => 0,
+    }
+}
+
+fn trump_strength_wenz(card: &Card, rank: Rank, trump_suit: Option<Suit>) -> u16 {
+    if card.rank == rank {
+        200 + ober_unter_suit_strength(card.suit)
+    } else if trump_suit == Some(card.suit) {
+        100 + non_trump_strength(card.rank) as u16
+    } else {
+        0
+    }
+}
+
+fn ober_unter_suit_strength(suit: Suit) -> u16 {
+    match suit {
+        Suit::Eichel => 4,
+        Suit::Gras   => 3,
+        Suit::Herz   => 2,
+        Suit::Schell => 1,
+    }
+}
+
+fn non_trump_strength(rank: Rank) -> u8 {
+    match rank {
+        Rank::Ass    => 8,
+        Rank::Zehn   => 7,
+        Rank::Koenig => 6,
+        Rank::Ober   => 5,
+        Rank::Unter  => 4,
+        Rank::Neun   => 3,
+        Rank::Acht   => 2,
+        Rank::Sieben => 1,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;

src/gamemode/tests.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+use super::*;
+use crate::deck::{Card, Suit, Rank};
+
+fn card(suit: Suit, rank: Rank) -> Card {
+    Card { suit, rank }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn winner_test_1() {
+    let c1 = card(Suit::Herz, Rank::Ober);
+    let c2 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Ober);
+    let c3 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Ass);
+    let c4 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Koenig);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Sauspiel(Suit::Eichel).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c1);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(Some(Suit::Herz)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c1);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(Some(Suit::Gras)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c4);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(Some(Suit::Schell)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(Some(Suit::Schell)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    // Extra: Solo and Herz-trump modes behave consistently with O/U > suit trumps
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Gras).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Bettel.winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Ramsch.winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sauspiel_trump_hierarchy() {
+    // In Sauspiel, trump is always Herz; Obers > Unters > Herz-suit trumps
+    let c1 = card(Suit::Eichel, Rank::Neun);     // led suit, non-trump
+    let c2 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Ober);       // trump (Ober)
+    let c3 = card(Suit::Herz, Rank::Ass);        // trump (trump suit)
+    let c4 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Unter);    // trump (Unter)
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Sauspiel(Suit::Eichel).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    // More checks on the same trick:
+    // Wenz: only Unters are trump -> Unter wins
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c4);
+
+    // Geier: only Obers are trump -> Ober wins
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    // Solo (any suit): O/U outrank suit trumps -> Ober wins
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Schell).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    // Herz-trump modes equivalent
+    let winner = Gamemode::Bettel.winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+    let winner = Gamemode::Ramsch.winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sauspiel_ober_suit_precedence() {
+    // Among Obers: Eichel > Gras > Herz > Schell
+    let c1 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Koenig);     // led
+    let c2 = card(Suit::Eichel, Rank::Ober);     // highest Ober
+    let c3 = card(Suit::Herz, Rank::Ober);       // lower Ober
+    let c4 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Unter);    // trump but below any Ober
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Sauspiel(Suit::Gras).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    // More checks:
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Schell).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // O/U trump
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Obers trump
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // only Unter trump
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c4);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Bettel.winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Herz-trump
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sauspiel_no_trump_led_suit_highest() {
+    // No Obers/Unters and no Herz cards: highest of led suit wins (A > 10 > K > 9 > 8 > 7)
+    let c1 = card(Suit::Eichel, Rank::Koenig);   // led suit
+    let c2 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Ass);
+    let c3 = card(Suit::Eichel, Rank::Zehn);     // higher than König
+    let c4 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Neun);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Sauspiel(Suit::Schell).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    // More checks:
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // no Unters
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Gras).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Gras suit trump
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Schell).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Schell suit trump
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c4);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Eichel).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // both Eichel trumps; A>10>K...
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(Some(Suit::Schell)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // suit trump Schell
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c4);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn solo_suit_trumps_only_internal_order() {
+    // In Solo, chosen suit is trump plus all Obers/Unters; with only suit trumps present, A > 10 > K > 9 > 8 > 7
+    let c1 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Zehn);     // trump suit
+    let c2 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Koenig);
+    let c3 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Ass);      // highest among suit trumps
+    let c4 = card(Suit::Eichel, Rank::Neun);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Schell).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    // More checks:
+    let winner = Gamemode::Sauspiel(Suit::Eichel).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // no O/U, Herz not present -> follow suit
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Gras).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // only Gras becomes trump
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // no Unters -> follow suit
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(Some(Suit::Schell)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // suit trump Schell
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn wenz_unter_trumps_over_optional_suit_trump() {
+    // In Wenz with extra suit trump, Unters outrank any suit trumps
+    let c1 = card(Suit::Eichel, Rank::Ass);      // led
+    let c2 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Koenig);     // trump by suit (Gras) if chosen
+    let c3 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Unter);    // trump by Unter (beats suit trumps)
+    let c4 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Ass);        // trump by suit (Gras) if chosen
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(Some(Suit::Gras)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    // More checks:
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // only Unter trump
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // no Obers -> follow suit
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c1);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(Some(Suit::Gras)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // suit trump Gras
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c4);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Sauspiel(Suit::Eichel).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // O/U trump -> Unter wins
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn wenz_unter_precedence_between_suits() {
+    // Unter precedence: Eichel > Gras > Herz > Schell
+    let c1 = card(Suit::Herz, Rank::Neun);       // led
+    let c2 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Unter);
+    let c3 = card(Suit::Eichel, Rank::Unter);    // highest Unter
+    let c4 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Unter);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    // More checks:
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(Some(Suit::Gras)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Unters still outrank suit trumps
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // no Obers -> follow suit
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c1);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(Some(Suit::Gras)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // suit trump Gras
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Sauspiel(Suit::Schell).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // O/U trump -> highest Unter by suit
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn wenz_no_trump_led_suit_highest() {
+    // No Unters and no optional suit trumps: highest of led suit wins
+    let c1 = card(Suit::Eichel, Rank::Koenig);   // led suit
+    let c2 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Ass);
+    let c3 = card(Suit::Eichel, Rank::Zehn);     // higher than König
+    let c4 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Neun);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    // More checks:
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(Some(Suit::Gras)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // suit trump Gras
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // no Obers -> follow suit
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(Some(Suit::Schell)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // suit trump Schell
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c4);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Eichel).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Eichel suit trump
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn geier_ober_trumps_over_optional_suit_trump() {
+    // In Geier with extra suit trump, Obers outrank any suit trumps
+    let c1 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Ass);        // led
+    let c2 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Koenig);   // trump by suit (optional)
+    let c3 = card(Suit::Eichel, Rank::Ober);     // trump by Ober (beats suit trumps)
+    let c4 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Ass);      // trump by suit (optional)
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(Some(Suit::Schell)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    // More checks:
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Obers trump
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(None).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // no Unters -> follow suit
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c1);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(Some(Suit::Schell)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // suit trump Schell
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c4);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Sauspiel(Suit::Eichel).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // O/U trump -> Ober wins
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn bettel_behaves_like_herz_trump() {
+    // Current implementation treats Bettel like Herz-trump
+    let c1 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Ass);        // led
+    let c2 = card(Suit::Herz, Rank::Neun);       // trump by Herz suit
+    let c3 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Ass);
+    let c4 = card(Suit::Eichel, Rank::Koenig);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Bettel.winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    // More checks:
+    let winner = Gamemode::Ramsch.winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // same as Bettel currently
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Sauspiel(Suit::Eichel).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Herz trump
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Herz).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Herz trump in Solo
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Gras).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Gras trump; no O/U
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c1);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(Some(Suit::Herz)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // suit trump Herz
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(Some(Suit::Herz)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // suit trump Herz
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn ramsch_behaves_like_herz_trump() {
+    // Current implementation treats Ramsch like Herz-trump
+    let c1 = card(Suit::Eichel, Rank::Ass);      // led
+    let c2 = card(Suit::Schell, Rank::Koenig);
+    let c3 = card(Suit::Herz, Rank::Zehn);       // trump by Herz suit
+    let c4 = card(Suit::Gras, Rank::Neun);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Ramsch.winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]);
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    // More checks:
+    let winner = Gamemode::Bettel.winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // same as Ramsch currently
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Sauspiel(Suit::Eichel).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Herz trump
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Herz).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Herz trump in Solo
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Solo(Suit::Eichel).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // Eichel trump; no O/U
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c1);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Wenz(Some(Suit::Herz)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // suit trump Herz
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+
+    let winner = Gamemode::Geier(Some(Suit::Herz)).winning_card([&c1, &c2, &c3, &c4]); // suit trump Herz
+    assert_eq!(winner, &c3);
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+pub mod deck;
+pub mod gamemode;
+pub mod player;

src/player/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+use std::io::{self, Write};
+use crate::deck::Card;
+use std::fmt;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum PlayerError {
+    NoCards,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for PlayerError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            PlayerError::NoCards => write!(f, "no cards available to play"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for PlayerError {}
+
+pub struct PlayerBase {
+    pub id: u32,
+    pub name: String,
+}
+
+impl PlayerBase {
+    pub fn new(id: u32, name: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self { id, name: name.into() }
+    }
+
+    pub fn id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.id
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_name(&mut self, name: impl Into<String>) {
+        self.name = name.into();
+    }
+
+    pub fn play_card(&mut self, hand: &mut Vec<Card>) -> Result<Card, PlayerError> {
+        hand.pop().ok_or(PlayerError::NoCards)
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait PlayerBaseAccess {
+    fn base(&self) -> &PlayerBase;
+    fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PlayerBase;
+
+    fn id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.base().id()
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.base().name()
+    }
+
+    fn set_name(&mut self, name: impl Into<String>) {
+        self.base_mut().set_name(name);
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait ExternalPlayer: PlayerBaseAccess {
+    fn play_card(&mut self, hand: &mut Vec<Card>) -> Result<Card, PlayerError> {
+        self.base_mut().play_card(hand)
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait InternalPlayer: PlayerBaseAccess {
+    fn play_card_from_hand(&mut self) -> Result<Card, PlayerError>;
+    fn receive_card(&mut self, card: Card);
+    fn set_hand(&mut self, hand: Vec<Card>);
+    fn hand(&self) -> &Vec<Card>;
+}
+
+pub struct HumanPlayer {
+    pub base: PlayerBase,
+    pub hand: Vec<Card>,
+}
+
+impl HumanPlayer {
+    pub fn new(id: u32, name: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            base: PlayerBase::new(id, name),
+            hand: Vec::with_capacity(8),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PlayerBaseAccess for HumanPlayer {
+    fn base(&self) -> &PlayerBase {
+        &self.base
+    }
+    fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PlayerBase {
+        &mut self.base
+    }
+}
+
+impl InternalPlayer for HumanPlayer {
+    fn play_card_from_hand(&mut self) -> Result<Card, PlayerError> {
+        if self.hand.is_empty() {
+            return Err(PlayerError::NoCards);
+        }
+
+        println!("{}'s hand:", self.name());
+        for (i, c) in self.hand.iter().enumerate() {
+            println!("  {}: {}", i, c);
+        }
+        print!("Select card index to play: ");
+        let _ = io::stdout().flush();
+
+        let mut input = String::new();
+        if io::stdin().read_line(&mut input).is_ok() {
+            if let Ok(idx) = input.trim().parse::<usize>() {
+                if idx < self.hand.len() {
+                    return Ok(self.hand.remove(idx));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // fallback: pop last
+        self.hand.pop().ok_or(PlayerError::NoCards)
+    }
+
+    fn receive_card(&mut self, card: Card) {
+        self.hand.push(card);
+    }
+
+    fn set_hand(&mut self, hand: Vec<Card>) {
+        self.hand = hand;
+    }
+
+    fn hand(&self) -> &Vec<Card> {
+        &self.hand
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct NpcPlayer {
+    pub base: PlayerBase,
+    pub hand: Vec<Card>,
+}
+
+impl NpcPlayer {
+    pub fn new(id: u32, name: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self { base: PlayerBase::new(id, name), hand: Vec::with_capacity(8) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PlayerBaseAccess for NpcPlayer {
+    fn base(&self) -> &PlayerBase { &self.base }
+    fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PlayerBase { &mut self.base }
+}
+
+impl InternalPlayer for NpcPlayer {
+    fn play_card_from_hand(&mut self) -> Result<Card, PlayerError> {
+        if self.hand.is_empty() {
+            Err(PlayerError::NoCards)
+        } else {
+            Ok(self.hand.remove(0))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn receive_card(&mut self, card: Card) {
+        self.hand.push(card);
+    }
+
+    fn set_hand(&mut self, hand: Vec<Card>) {
+        self.hand = hand;
+    }
+
+    fn hand(&self) -> &Vec<Card> {
+        &self.hand
+    }
+}